Understanding ADHD in adults

What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning. While it is commonly associated with children, ADHD frequently persists into adulthood — and for many people, it goes undiagnosed until later in life.

In Australia, it is estimated that around 2–3% of adults have ADHD, though many remain undiagnosed. The condition presents differently across individuals, and symptoms often look quite different in adults compared to children.

How ADHD presents in adults

In adults, ADHD often presents less as physical hyperactivity and more as internal restlessness, difficulty sustaining attention, and challenges with executive functioning. Common experiences include:

Difficulty concentrating on tasks that feel unstimulating, frequently losing items, forgetting appointments or deadlines, struggling to start or complete tasks (often called 'task initiation'), and a tendency to hyperfocus on activities that are engaging while neglecting others.

Many adults with ADHD also experience emotional dysregulation — intense emotional reactions, low frustration tolerance, and sensitivity to criticism. These experiences can significantly affect relationships, work performance, and self-esteem.

Why ADHD is often missed in adults

ADHD in adults is frequently missed or misdiagnosed for several reasons. Historically, diagnostic criteria were developed based on research conducted primarily with boys, meaning that presentations common in girls and women — often more inattentive and internalised — were less recognised.

Many adults develop coping strategies over time that mask their difficulties, making it harder for others (and sometimes themselves) to recognise the impact ADHD is having. It is not uncommon for adults to receive diagnoses of anxiety or depression before ADHD is identified — and while these conditions frequently co-occur with ADHD, treating them without addressing the underlying ADHD can limit progress.

How psychology can help

Psychological support for ADHD in adults typically focuses on developing practical strategies to manage the challenges associated with the condition. This may include work on organisation and time management, breaking tasks into manageable steps, building routines, and addressing the emotional impact of living with ADHD.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) adapted for ADHD has a strong evidence base and can help with managing unhelpful thought patterns, improving self-regulation, and building skills for daily functioning. Therapy can also provide a space to process the experience of receiving a late diagnosis, which can bring up complex emotions including grief, relief, and a need to reframe one's personal history.

It is worth noting that psychological support is often most effective when combined with other interventions — such as medication, where appropriate — as part of a broader treatment plan developed in collaboration with your GP or psychiatrist.

When to seek support

If you recognise yourself in the experiences described above, it may be worth speaking with your GP as a first step. A GP can provide a referral for a formal assessment and, if appropriate, a Mental Health Treatment Plan that allows you to access Medicare-rebated psychology sessions.

You do not need a formal ADHD diagnosis to benefit from psychological support. If difficulties with attention, organisation, or emotional regulation are affecting your quality of life, reaching out to a psychologist can be a helpful starting point.